Leiner is a partner in a Baltimore law firm who has published a dozen articles on maritime and legal history. He is, however, less successful in speaking to the motives and events that defined the subscription process.įrederick C. He writes cogently and weaves his story with care and skill. Leiner succeeds rather well in describing the men and the ships. Leiner, is about "the idea of subscribing for warships, the men who did so, and the ships they built" (p. Up and down the coast, the Newburyport plan created "a navy frenzy in which ten port towns pledged subscriptions for, and actually began to build warships" (p. Leiner, the citizens of Newburyport, Massachusetts, (or at least the merchants and shipmasters among them) "met to discuss what action they could take to help the country." On they "opened a subscription to fund a 20-gun warship for the United States Navy" (p. "Egged on" by the exposure of the XYZ Affair and "by galling seizures of merchant ships," writes Frederick C. Crackel (Papers of the War Department 1784-1800, East Stroudsburg University )Īs the summer of 1798 approached, the United States seemed on the verge of open war with France. Millions for Defense: The Subscription Warships of 1798.Īnnapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press, 1999.
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